Fernando de Rojas is believed to have written La Celestina , although there are some competing theories. The novel is structured as a series of dialogues with a strong streak of social criticism. The work marks the end of a medieval society and its literature , giving way to the Renaissance. It was a great success throughout the 16th century despite moralizing critiques and censorship by the Inquisition. Both poets penned incredibly complex verses while cultivating an extreme mutual dislike that was often expressed within the poems themselves.
This author, immensely popular with the public and nicknamed Monstruo de la naturaleza Monster of Nature by Cervantes for his prolificacy — he may have written as many as 1, comedies, according to some studies — introduced a series of innovations in playwriting summed up in his treatise Arte nuevo de hacer comedias en este tiempo The New Art of Writing Plays in this Age.
The most important figure to emerge from the 17th century was, without a doubt, Miguel de Cervantes. Widely hailed as the author of the first modern novel, El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha , published in , Cervantes always longed to excel as a poet and playwright.
Who is the real subject of the painting? The handmaidens and the Infanta are in front of him, and the king and queen of Spain, reflected in the mirror behind him — all at an impossible angle to be the subject of the painting, the actual subject remaining a true mystery. The light sources here also come from different and opposite angles. Everything is simply and beautifully painted, lit from some outside source, creating sharp shadows, but reducing subjects and objects to the same level of importance.
Traditional still life paintings refer to the usual concepts of still-lifes as a reflection of the fragility of life, with reference to eternity. The question of reality and illusion, presentation and silence carried into the performance of the famous Castrati singers at the Spanish court — leaving the meaning of their songs and interpretation open and changeable from performance to performance.
Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. All All. Originally the open courtyard of an inn, its whereabouts was unknown for a long time and was only discovered in The corrales also had a very useful social as well as entertainment value: municipalities and charitable organisations which had been prominent in establishing the early corrales found that revenues from plays could help them set up hospitals and pay for their upkeep.
No playwright could be indifferent to the success of the corrales. They provided the perfect opportunity for writers such as the prolific Lope de Vega to reach a wide and demanding audience. With popularity came fame and with fame came the possibility of social advancement and well-being. Lope was the dramatic genius who established the norms for what became known as the comedia nueva new drama which all other dramatists followed in one way or another e.
Golden Age Prose Fiction. Prose fiction of the Golden Age is extremely rich and varied and culminates with a remarkable number of novels at the beginning of the 17th century, the most famous of which is Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes.
The romances of chivalry lost much of their popularity in the second half of the 16th century, to be replaced —mainly in aristocratic circles— by the pastoral novel. At the same time, the Moorish novel or novela morisca made its appearance, following the publication of the little gem El Abencerraje y la hermosa Jarifa Of the other prose fiction forms, the Spanish sentimental romances of the 15th century or earlier enjoyed some success in the Golden Age, as did Byzantine romances of Greek inspiration in the latter years of the 16th century.
In these realistic novels, the action was contemporary, the location recognisable, and the characters credible. We can begin with La Celestina , a work written in 21 acts and therefore sometimes classified as a drama but which reads like a novel. For many readers, La Celestina is the greatest literary work in Spanish after Don Quixote , yet strangely it is not well known beyond the Spanish speaking world. Lazarillo de Tormes , an anonymous work first published in is neither an imitation nor continuation of La Celestina , although the world it portrays is just as real.
Frequently called the first picaresque novel, it is a very complex albeit short narrative which was soon placed on the famous Index of Prohibited Books Index Librorum Prohibitorum for its anticlerical content. It remained unpublished in Spain until when a mutilated version, Lazarillo castigado , appeared. Suppressed are chapters 4 and 5 and passages elsewhere obviously considered irreverent by the church authorities. Such censorship might be expected given the increased atmosphere of religious orthodoxy in Spain in the second half of the 16th century, a period known as the Counter Reformation in Spanish and European history.
The picaresque texts are relatively unknown beyond the Spanish-speaking world, but the same cannot be said about Don Quixote. Published in two parts, and , it describes the adventures and conversations of the would-be knight-errant, don Quixote de la Mancha, and his faithful squire Sancho Panza.
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