By Priya Pedamkar. CMD is an acronym for Command. Command prompt, or CMD, is the command-line interpreter of Windows operating systems. It is similar to Command. It is analogous to Unix Shells used on Unix like system. The command prompt is a native application of the Windows operating system and gives the user an option to perform operations using commands.
Command prompt makes use of the command-line interface to interact with the User. In the Windows operating system, this command prompt interface is implemented through the Win32 console. With the command shell, you can have direct interaction with the operating system. These commands are predefined and perform a specific task. These commands can be clubbed together as well to perform a series of task.
Also, these commands need not be entered manually and can be written in a batch file to automate some of the manual tasks like taking a scheduled server backup, deleting junk files and so on. These commands are very handy at the time of network troubleshooting or for a day to day work.
These commands can be called from many programming languages such as Java , which allows the programmer to perform task directly via the command prompt, which would otherwise take several code lines to be written essentially to perform the same task. The command prompt works at a more basic level than Windows, but that's is not to say it isn't powerful. It means you gain more control over the PC and communicate with it in a more direct way.
Aside from common commands dir, cd, copy, del , it can be used to access parts of the operating system that are not available through the graphical user interface.
It can also be used to perform a variety of functions, sometimes using it is quicker or even the only way to access certain information or functions. In addition to the commands mentioned above which show file directory listings, changes file directories, copies files, and delete them. There are a number of other useful commands such as ipconfig which shows what IP address a computer has , Tracert which shows information on each step between the computer and a target host elsewhere on the internet such as a website , and the system file checker sfc , which finds any corrupt or missing files, and automatically replaces them using cached copies kept by Windows.
The Command Prompt has been around forever, but with Windows 10, Microsoft is trying to make PowerShell the main command shell in the operating system. This offers a very rich set of commands called cmdlets that are more integrated with Windows and most Microsoft products. These cmdlets are functions that exist inside compiled DLLs on a system. Its primary purpose is to not only replace the Command Prompt but also batch files and VB scripts.
If Windows has the password saved, it should show it to you in plain text under "Key Content. Most users should rarely have to deal with drive tables and partition formatting. But if you've migrated your PC to a new drive, or are trying to erase an SD card used in a Raspberry Pi project, Windows' built-in partition manager may not be flexible enough to remove all that data cleanly.
As a result, Diskpart's clean command has become one of my most oft-used tools. If you're ever having a problem with a hard drive, flash drive, or SD card, this is probably the ideal way to erase it and start from scratch. Instead of opening a command prompt window, you can open the Diskpart tool by clicking the Start menu and searching for "diskpart. Find the disk you want to erase in the table—make absolutely sure it's the right one, lest you erase any important data on another drive—and run:.
Finally, run:. Your system will wipe the drive clean, with no hidden partitions or tables confusing your PC. Then you can click the Start menu, search for Disk Management, and right-click the drive to initialize and format it. Note that this merely wipes the partition tables, it doesn't securely erase all your data—some of it may still be accessible with file recovery tools. To securely erase all traces like if you're going to recycle the drive or sell the PC , you'll want to right-click the drive in Windows Explorer, choose Format, and uncheck the Quick Format box.
Or use a third-party tool like DBAN , which has a number of other secure-erase options. Still, ipconfig is useful because of its extensions. These commands are great if the Windows network troubleshooter chokes, which does happen on occasion. Entering the command netstat -an will provide you with a list of currently open ports and related IP addresses.
This command will also tell you what state the port is in; listening, established, or closed. This is a great command for when you're trying to troubleshoot devices connected to your PC or when you fear a Trojan infected your system and you're trying to locate a malicious connection. Sometimes, you need to know whether or not packets are making it to a specific networked device.
That's where ping comes in handy. Typing ping followed by an IP address or web domain will send a series of test packets to the specified address. If they arrive and are returned, you know the device is capable of communicating with your PC; if it fails, you know that there's something blocking communication between the device and your computer.
This can help you decide if the root of the issue is an improper configuration or a failure of network hardware. This is a more advanced version of ping that's useful if there are multiple routers between your PC and the device you're testing. Like ping, you use this command by typing pathping followed by the IP address, but unlike ping, pathping also relays some information about the route the test packets take.
The tracert command is similar to pathping. Once again, type tracert followed by the IP address or domain you'd like to trace. You'll receive information about each step in the route between your PC and the target.
Unlike pathping, however, tracert also tracks how much time in milliseconds each hop between servers or devices takes. Powercfg is a very powerful command for managing and tracking how your computer uses energy. When enabled, you can use these devices to bring your computer out of standby, even remotely. You can enable this by selecting the device in Device Manager , opening its properties, going to the Power Management tab, and then checking the Allow this device to wake the computer box.
You can use this command to troubleshoot your PC if it seems to wake from sleep at random. The report saves to the directory indicated after the command finishes. This report will let you know of any system faults that might increase power consumption, like devices blocking certain sleep modes, or poorly configured to respond to your power management settings.
Normally output to your Windows user directory, the report provides details about the time and length of charge and discharge cycles, lifetime average battery life, and estimated battery capacity.
Windows 8 introduced the shutdown command that, you guessed it, shuts down your computer. This is useful if you want to restart your computer for troubleshooting purposes. This command will give you a detailed configuration overview of your computer. The list covers your operating system and hardware.
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