Such behavior is meant to intimidate threats and scare off other animals to preserve life. Some species simply take advantage of their features to rule their territory. Source: Current Biology. Login here. Register Free. Anthony Bouchard. Fascinated by scientific discoveries and media, Anthony found his way here at LabRoots, where he would be able to dabble in the two. Anthony is a technology junkie that has vast experience in computer systems and automobile mechanics, as opposite as those sound.
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The intensity of this reflective layer is controlled by the upper chromatophores, providing the octopus with additional colour options, including disruptive camouflage if desired. Apart from all those reflectors and pigments, octopus skin also have the ability to rapidly change its texture using small muscle bundles called papillae.
Muscles in these bundles form a network, with some running radially and others in circles, allowing areas of skin to be quickly smoothed out or raised as needed - a bit like goosebumps just way more useful. The abovementioned abilities are made even more remarkable by the fine control that octopuses have over these individual elements. You probably already know that octopuses are one of the smartest animals on Earth, so these abilities might not surprise you.
But, what if we told you that octopuses are actually colourblind? It's true. Octopuses only have one type of receptor in their eyes, which means they are completely colourblind, only seeing the world in shades of grey. Fortunately, octopuses have two really awesome tricks up their eight sleeves to deal with this. The first is in their arms - even though they can't see colour, they can feel it no jokes. Using chemicals called opsins in tiny fibres on their arms, octopuses can sense colour by the changes in the wavelengths of light reaching these receptors.
Their second trick is those weirdly shaped pupils. Photographers have heard of chromatic aberration , a distortion of colours in a photo when the lens fails to focus all the colours in an image correctly at the same time.
Octopuses, squids and cuttlefish use their weird eyes to exploit this phenomenon, they break up light and then focus on different parts of it separately - even though all they see is grey, they "know" what colour it is because of know much it bent.
No other animal does anything like this! So to wrap up, here's how an octopus camouflages: It uses its eyes to see the darkness, texture and layout of a scene. Its pupils distort light to get a rough idea of colour.
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